The answer to this question lies in a substance called Fulvic acid which works in synergy with other well-known ingredients used in our supplements, such as Fulvic Excel. First advice from Fulvic Health is not to listen to misinformed people who have not studied the benefits of the Fulvic and Humic Acid used in Fulvic Enhanced products. As a nutraceutical with therapeutic agents the role of the added ingredients together with Fulvic and Humic Acid cannot be disputed. Fulvic Excel has been show to enhance synovial fluid hyaluronate (joint lubrication). With the unique addition of Fulvic and Humic Acid, together with the added Chondro-protective ingredients and MSM, some of these added components are known to relieve swelling from joint inflammation and have been shown to bond to the collagen fibres to aid in repair of damaged tendons and bone. Not only does it relieve from inflammation, it has been shown to bond to collagen fibers to aid in the repair of damaged tendons and ligaments, with enough rest and time. It is proven to influence the metabolism of cartilage and mobility, joint effusion and swelling. The ingredients such as Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate and our blend together stimulate proteoglycan and collagen synthesis and inhibit the production of cytokines involved in cartilage degradation. The wide spectrum main ingredient, Fulvic Acid-Carat (CaOH), makes it possible to act as the transcellular transporter of almost any nutrient or mineral. Humates (Fulvic and Humic Acid) are hydrocarbons and contain aromatic and heterocyclic structures, carboxyl groups, and nitrogen. They possess many active hydrogen bonding sites making them very chemically reactive. Absorption it is more intensive and dynamic compared to pure physical adsorbents. Humic Acids act as a dilator increasing the cell wall permeability. This increased permeability allows easier transfer of minerals from the blood to the bone and cells. This is why the amount of Glucosamine, Chondroitin and MSM cannot be compared to other supplements as the addition of Fulvic and Humic makes these products way more absorbable. Adding any more would be over the safe level for use in horses in a double dose, as tested by SAHRASA. The minerals found in Fulvic and Humic Acid such as copper, manganese and zinc are important for normal cartilage and connective tissue formation and it is even further supported by the addition of MSM. The transmutation of vegetal silica and magnesium to form calcium in animal and human bones is a typical example of new syntheses of minerals that Fulvic initiates. Scientific claims have stated that Humates (Fulvic and Humic Acid) are shown to balance T Cells, which can attack joints and bones thus causing auto-immune diseases arthritis. Research shows that the red blood cells likely carry more oxygen with the presence of Humates, contributing to quicker healing times and swelling reduction. Studies have shown that Humic acid inhibit the binding of cells, associated with inflammation, to specific “sticky” molecules on the walls of blood vessels in the vicinity of the inflammation reaction. Another interesting finding was that humic acid inhibits the activation and/or release of certain blood products (i.e. Cytokines) responsible to stimulate and attract these cells to sites where autoimmune and allergic reactions usually take place, such as airways and joints. In this way Humic acid could protect areas of existing inflammation by stopping inflammatory cells from reaching affected sites, “sticking” to the nearby blood vessels and releasing toxic substances at these sites.