The ubiquitous presence of humic substances combined with their ability to provide multiple sites for chemical reaction, makes them relevant to numerous biogeochemical processes such as nutrient bioavailability. The ionized Fulvic Acid has a higher negative charge, which increased the energetic barriers and inhibits the approximation of Fulvic Acid caused by the Brownian movement.

Reference: Theoretical study of fulvic acid structure, conformation and aggregation. A molecular modelling approach. Department of Applied Chemistry University of Navarra Spain DOI 10.1016/j.Scitotech.2004.11.026

Reference: Theoretical study of fulvic acid structure, conformation and aggregation. A molecular modelling approach. Department of Applied Chemistry University of Navarra Spain DOI 10.1016/j.Scitotech.2004.11.026