The potential for FvA to be a candidate in preventing inflammatory diseases like diabetes arises from most of the research conducted over the last decade. Traditional medicine and modern research claim FvA can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function; all of which are hallmarks of diabetes. The most adequately researched claim of FvA is its ability to modulate the immune system. FvA can be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory in animal systems. Asthma, allergies, and eczema, along with many other disorders, can be associated with overactive immune cells. FvA also is shown to reduce cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion after homocysteine stimulation in primary human monocytes. FvA can have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects. It provides protection against pathogens and stops tumour growth by initiating the inflammatory response. Schepetkin et al. show that FvA can activate isolated murine macrophages from the peritoneal cavity. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) important for killing bacteria and intracellular signalling increase in FvA-treated peritoneal macrophages. This gives rise to the thought that FvA can activate the immune system when needed to protect against infection and foreign pathogens. FvA has been shown to sequester superoxide radicals and other ROS outside of the cell. Inside the cell though, FvA can uncouple the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria, which is associated with lowering ROS production. The gut forms the interphase of the outside world, the microbiome, and the host. Sufficient evidence shows that poor gut health can lead to inflammation and disease. FvA is suggested to improve the gut flora, nutrient absorption, and heal adverse disorders related to the gut. FvA may influence the bacterial community. The cause of diabetes remains a mystery, but research associates inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in the gut microbiome among the many causative factors. FvA might fit as an adjunct treatment to reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation as FvA can act in a similar manner to NSAIDs. Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6151376/pdf/JDR2018-5391014.pdf